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新概念英语第四册课程讲解
Lesson 6 The sporting spirit体育的精神
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题.
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battle field. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
【参考译文】
当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。
现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。 在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。
1.goodwill n.友好
例句：He attended the meeting as a goodwill messenger.
他作为友好使者出席了会议。
2.cricket n.板球
3.inclination n.意愿
例句：I have a strong inclination for sports.
我很喜爱运动。
4.contest n.比赛
5.orgy n.无节制的，放荡
6.deduce v.推断
例句：He will deduce a conclusion from premises.
从前提推导出结论。
7.competitive adj.竞争性的
例句：Please offer your most competitive price.
请报你方最具有竞争性的价格。
8.patriotism n.地方观念，爱国主义
9.disgrace v.使丢脸
例句：I'm afraid poor Barbary will disgrace herself.
恐怕可怜的芭芭瑞将使自己蒙受耻辱。
10.savage adj.野性的
例句：He made a savage grab for the knife.
他恶狠狠地去抓刀子。
11.combative adj.好斗的
例句：The fox terrier has a combative disposition.
猎狐犬性好斗
12.mimic warfare模拟战争
13.behaviour n.行动，举止
14.absurd adj.荒唐的
例句：His viewpoint was utterly absurd.
他的观点荒谬绝伦。
1.I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
参考翻译：当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。
讲解：hear sb doing sth类似于see sb doing sth的结构
“see sb do sth ”表示看到某人做某事了，强调看见谁做过什么事。
如：I saw her clean the classroom.
是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）
而在我们的文中用的是：“see sb doing sth ”
表示看到某人正在做某事强调“看见某人正在做某事”
如：I saw her cleaning the classroom.
我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）
像see 这样的感官动词还有hear , feel , watch , notice （注意到）都可以跟do 或doing分别表不同的意思
如：I heard him play the piano.
我听到他弹钢琴了。
I heard him playing the piano.
我听到他正在弹钢琴。
if only
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如：
If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
【注】if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
2.Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
参考翻译：一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。
讲解：even if引导让步状语从句
although， though， even though， even if都表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”之意， though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)， even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如： Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷， 但很快乐。// Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。// Though they may not succeed, they will still try. 即使他们可能不会成功， 但他们仍努力尝试。 // The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章虽然很短， 但很重要。// He is better, though not yet cured. 他好一点了， 虽仍未痊愈。//
Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨， 她也是走着去工作的。// I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我将去拜访他， 即使我只能停留一小会儿。
注意： though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊， 它可以倒装， 也可以不倒装， 具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。
lead to导致,引起;通往
And that would lead to disaster on a world scale.
这就会是世界性的灾难。
3.You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.
参考翻译：参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。
讲解：unless
unless的基本用法 连词unless意为“除非……如果不……”，“除了……”，多引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件旬。unless引导条件句时，主要用于下列情况。 (1)主句为肯定句。如： Unless I visit every bookstore in town．I shall not know whether I can get what l want．如果我不到城里每一家书店去看看，我就不知道是否能买到我想要的书。 You will miss the bus unless you hurry up．你要不快点就会错过班车。 You’ll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder．如果你不再加把劲，你化学考试还会不及格。 (2)主句为否定句。如： Unless you oil the motor regularly．it won’t run smoothly．要不是你经常给发动机上油。它就不会转得那么顺畅。 I wouldn't be saying this unless I were sure of the facts．要是我对这些事情没有把握，我就不说这话了。 You will never get anywhere unless you have set your goal．如果你不设定目标，你哪儿也去不了。
do one's utmost竭尽全力,尽最大努力
We are resolved to do our utmost.
我们下定决心要尽最大的努力。
We should do our utmost to expand exports.
今年要千方百计扩大出口。
4.but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.
参考翻译：可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。
讲解：arise arouse
arise（arose，arisen）vi.
1) occur“发生”，例：Problems arose from the outset.一开始就产生了很多问题。
2) arise from“起源于”，例：Accidents always arise from the carelessness.许多事故都源于粗心。derive from=originate from“起
因于，追本溯源”，例：Many English words derive from Latin.许多英语都来自于拉丁语。
3) 向上；上升
move upword; ascend
· When I started off, the sun was arising.
我出发时太阳正在升起。
arouse“唤起”，如，arouse one’s interest/sympathy“唤起某人的兴趣/同情心”
1.I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations,
我总是惊愕不已。当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊。
2.Even if one didn't know from concrete examples(the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance)that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。
3.You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.
参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。
4.But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators.
但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度。
5.and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。
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